How Hackers Pick Their Targets (And How to Avoid Being One)

Author

Lars Koudal

Reviewed by

William Phelps

Updated on

May 20, 2025

One morning, you check your bank account only to find it emptied. Your files, once secure, are now exposed online. A hacker has taken control, and your digital life is in chaos. This is not an uncommon scenario, cybercriminals exploit weaknesses daily, targeting individuals and businesses with weak security measures.

Hackers do not attack at random. They seek easy victims, people with poor password practices, businesses lacking cybersecurity protocols, and organizations holding valuable data. Their motivations vary, from financial gain to political agendas or simply the thrill of disruption. Once a system is breached, the damage can be irreversible, affecting finances, reputations, and even safety.

Understanding how hackers choose their targets is key to staying secure. Weak passwords, outdated software, and unsecured networks make you vulnerable. By recognizing these risks and reinforcing your defenses, you reduce the chances of becoming their next victim. The digital world is full of threats, but preparation can keep you ahead of them. Are you confident that your cybersecurity measures are strong enough? If not, it’s time to take action before you become the next statistic.

Key Reasons Behind Cyberattacks

Cybercriminals have various reasons for targeting individuals, businesses, and governments. Understanding their motivations is crucial for developing effective security strategies. Below are the most common reasons hackers launch attacks:

1. Weak Passwords

• Why It’s Exploited: Simple, predictable, or reused passwords can be cracked using brute force techniques or obtained from past data breaches.
• Example: Common passwords like “123456” or “password” are still widely used, allowing hackers to gain access within seconds.
• Prevention: Utilize a password manager to generate and securely store unique, complex passwords for each account.

2. Publicly Available Information

• Why It’s Exploited: Personal details such as names, addresses, and phone numbers, often found on social media or data broker sites, help hackers craft convincing phishing attacks.
• Example: A phishing email personalized with your full name and address increases the likelihood of tricking you into clicking malicious links.
• Prevention: Use privacy protection services to remove personal data from public databases and limit the information you share online.

3. Unsecured Devices

• Why It’s Exploited: Devices lacking security updates or antivirus protection are prime targets for malware and ransomware infections.
• Example: The WannaCry ransomware attack spread rapidly by exploiting outdated software, affecting over 200,000 computers worldwide.
• Prevention: Regularly update your operating system and security software to patch vulnerabilities and reduce exposure to cyber threats.

4. High-Value Targets

• Why It’s Exploited: Individuals with access to sensitive data, such as corporate employees or those with significant financial assets, are often prime targets.
• Prevention: Be cautious with work-related communications and implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) to add an extra layer of security to critical accounts.

5. Unsecured Wi-Fi Networks

• Why It’s Exploited: Hackers can intercept unencrypted data transmitted over public or poorly secured Wi-Fi networks, gaining access to personal and financial information.
• Example: Attackers use “man-in-the-middle” techniques to intercept login credentials or banking details when users connect to unsecured public Wi-Fi in coffee shops or airports.
• Prevention: Avoid using public Wi-Fi for sensitive transactions, and always connect through a VPN (Virtual Private Network) to encrypt your data.

How Hackers Choose Their Targets

Cybercriminals are always on the lookout for their next target. They use various strategies to determine which systems, organizations, or individuals are most vulnerable to attack. Understanding how hackers select their targets can help individuals and businesses. 

Below are key factors that influence a hacker’s decision.

1. Vulnerability Assessment

Hackers often conduct extensive scans to identify weak points in networks and software systems. They exploit outdated software, weak encryption, and misconfigured security settings to gain unauthorized access.

• Outdated Software: Cybercriminals actively search for systems running unpatched or outdated software that contain known security flaws.
• Exposed Services: Open ports, misconfigured cloud storage, and unsecured APIs provide entry points for attackers.
• Security Loopholes: Weak encryption, lack of firewalls, or improper access controls can be exploited.

2. Data Value

Hackers target entities that hold valuable data. This includes personally identifiable information (PII), financial records, and intellectual property.

• Personal Information: Names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and login credentials are lucrative on the black market.
• Financial Data: Credit card details, banking credentials, and transaction records are prime targets.
• Corporate Secrets: Proprietary software, patents, and confidential business strategies attract cyber criminals.

3. Ease of Access

Organizations or individuals with poor security hygiene make easy targets. Hackers look for weak passwords, lack of security protocols, and unsecured devices.

• Weak Passwords: Simple, reused, or default passwords allow easy account takeovers.
• No Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Without MFA, stolen credentials grant direct access to accounts.
• Unprotected Devices: Unsecured mobile phones, IoT devices, and personal computers become entry points.

4. Public Profiles and High Visibility

Hackers often target high-profile individuals and organizations due to their prominence, influence, and potential financial gain.

• Celebrities & Public Figures: Personal information leaks can lead to blackmail or identity theft.
• Corporate Executives: CEOs and CFOs are prime targets for business email compromise (BEC) scams.
• Government Entities & Journalists: Hackers attack these groups to manipulate public opinion or steal classified information.

Understanding how hackers select their targets is the first step toward strengthening cybersecurity defenses. By staying vigilant and implementing best practices, potential targets can make themselves less attractive to cybercriminals.

Tactics Used to Target Individuals

Cybercriminals use a range of techniques to exploit individuals. Their goal is to steal sensitive data, gain unauthorized access, or disrupt systems. Understanding these methods is the first step in preventing attacks.

1. Phishing and Spear Phishing

Phishing is one of the most common attack methods. It involves sending deceptive emails, messages, or websites that appear legitimate to trick users into revealing personal information such as passwords, credit card details, or social security numbers.

How It Works:

• A hacker sends a fake email that appears to be from a trusted entity (bank, employer, social media site).
• The email contains a malicious link leading to a fake login page that captures the victim’s credentials.
• Alternatively, the email may contain a malicious attachment that installs malware when opened.

Spear Phishing (A More Targeted Attack)

Unlike generic phishing emails, spear phishing is highly personalized. Hackers gather information about a specific individual (job role, interests, habits) and craft a message tailored to them, increasing the likelihood of success.

How to Protect Yourself:

• Verify the sender before clicking on links or downloading attachments.
• Look for red flags like urgent language, grammatical errors, or unusual requests.
• Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) to add an extra layer of security.

2. Social Engineering

Hackers manipulate human psychology to gain access to sensitive information. Social engineering attacks often do not require advanced technical skills—just persuasion and deception.

Common Social Engineering Tactics:

• Pretexting: The hacker pretends to be someone in authority (HR representative, IT support) and asks for sensitive data.
• Baiting: Offering something enticing, like a free download, that actually contains malware.
• Quid Pro Quo: Tricking a victim into revealing data in exchange for something (e.g., pretending to offer tech support).
• Tailgating: Physically following someone into a restricted area without proper authorization.

How to Stay Safe:

• Never share personal or company information with unsolicited requesters.
• Always verify the identity of the person asking for sensitive data.
• Train employees and individuals on recognizing social engineering tactics.

3. Malware Deployment

Malware (malicious software) is used to infiltrate devices, steal data, and compromise systems. Attackers deploy it through email attachments, infected downloads, and compromised websites.

Types of Malware Hackers Use:

• Keyloggers: Record everything typed on a keyboard, including passwords.
• Ransomware: Encrypts files and demands payment to restore access.
• Trojans: Disguised as legitimate software but open backdoors for hackers.
• Spyware: Monitors user activity and sends information back to attackers.

Prevention Strategies:

• Install reputable antivirus and anti-malware software.
• Avoid downloading files from unknown or unverified sources.
• Keep software, browsers, and operating systems updated.
• Regularly back up important files to protect against ransomware attacks.

4. Exploiting Social Media

Hackers scan social media for publicly available information to personalize attacks and bypass security measures.

How They Use Social Media:

• Gathering personal details (birthdays, pet names, addresses) to guess passwords or answer security questions.
• Impersonating trusted contacts to send malicious links or requests.
• Tracking real-time activities (vacations, events) to time break-ins or other attacks.

How to Secure Your Social Media:

• Set profiles to private and limit the information visible to strangers.
• Avoid oversharing personal details, especially security-related information.
• Be cautious when accepting friend requests from unknown profiles.
• Use strong passwords and enable two-factor authentication.

Methods Hackers Breach Organizations

Understanding how hackers choose their targets and the techniques they employ can help organizations build stronger defenses. Below, we explore four key attack strategies hackers use against businesses and how to prevent them.

1. Supply Chain Attacks

Hackers often exploit third-party vendors and service providers to gain access to an organization’s network. These attacks target less secure vendors who have access to critical systems, making them an easy entry point.

How It Works:

• Cybercriminals identify a vulnerable supplier or partner with weak security protocols.
• Malware or malicious code is inserted into software updates or business applications.
• Once installed, the malware spreads into the primary organization’s network, providing access to sensitive data and operations.

Prevention Strategies:

• Conduct regular security audits of third-party vendors.
• Enforce strict cybersecurity policies for suppliers.
• Implement network segmentation to limit supplier access to critical systems.
• Use real-time monitoring to detect suspicious activity in vendor connections.

2. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks

Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks aim to overwhelm an organization’s online services, rendering them inaccessible to customers and employees.

How It Works:

• Hackers flood a website or network with excessive traffic.
• The overload causes services to crash, leading to downtime and financial losses.
• Attackers may demand a ransom to stop the attack (ransom DoS, or RDoS).

Prevention Strategies:

• Deploy robust firewalls and intrusion prevention systems.
• Use cloud-based DDoS protection solutions.
• Implement rate limiting to control incoming traffic.
• Establish a response plan to quickly mitigate attacks.

3. Insider Threats

Employees, contractors, or business partners can inadvertently or intentionally expose an organization to cyber threats. Insider threats are difficult to detect because they involve users with legitimate access.

How It Works:

• Disgruntled employees leak sensitive data for financial or personal reasons.
• Phishing campaigns manipulate employees into giving away credentials.
• Unintentional errors, such as misconfiguring security settings, open vulnerabilities.

Prevention Strategies:

• Implement strict access controls and the principle of least privilege.
• Monitor user activity for suspicious behavior.
• Conduct regular security awareness training.
• Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) to prevent unauthorized access.

4. Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)

APTs are highly sophisticated attacks where hackers gain long-term access to an organization’s network to steal sensitive information gradually.

How It Works:

• Attackers infiltrate the network through phishing emails, malware, or zero-day exploits.
• They establish a persistent presence, avoiding detection.
• Data is extracted over time without triggering security alarms.

Prevention Strategies:

• Deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to monitor anomalies.
• Segment networks to limit lateral movement.
• Regularly update software and apply security patches.
• Use artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for threat detection.

Essential Cybersecurity Measures to Safeguard Yourself and Your Organization

Hackers are constantly evolving their tactics, making cybersecurity a continuous effort rather than a one-time fix. By educating employees, enforcing strong security policies, monitoring network activity, and having an incident response plan, organizations can significantly reduce their risk of cyberattacks.

1. Educate and Train Employees

Human error is one of the biggest security vulnerabilities. Cybercriminals exploit uninformed employees through phishing emails, malicious attachments, and fake login pages.

• Conduct regular cybersecurity awareness programs to educate employees about common threats.
• Simulate phishing attacks to test employee vigilance.
• Implement strict policies on handling sensitive data and reporting suspicious activities.
• Keep staff updated on emerging cyber threats and best practices.

2. Implement Strong Password Policies

Weak passwords are a hacker’s gateway into networks. Attackers use brute force or credential-stuffing techniques to break into accounts.

• Require complex passwords with a mix of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and special characters.
• Enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for an added layer of security.
• Implement password managers to help employees create and store strong passwords.
• Set policies for regular password changes to minimize risk.

3. Regularly Back Up Data

Ransomware attacks can lock you out of critical data, demanding payment for decryption. Data loss can also occur due to system failures, accidental deletions, or malicious actions.

• Maintain secure and encrypted backups in multiple locations (cloud and offline).
• Automate frequent backups to ensure minimal data loss.
• Test data recovery processes periodically to confirm backup integrity.
• Store backups in a secure, offsite environment to prevent damage from cyber incidents.

4. Monitor Network Activity

A proactive approach to cybersecurity includes continuous monitoring of network traffic to detect potential intrusions.

• Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) to identify and block threats.
• Use firewalls and AI-powered threat detection tools to monitor unusual activity.
• Set up alerts for unauthorized access attempts and data transfers.
• Conduct regular audits of network security to uncover vulnerabilities.

5. Develop an Incident Response Plan

A well-prepared response can minimize damage when a security breach occurs. Organizations without a structured response plan suffer prolonged downtime and higher financial losses.

• Create a step-by-step incident response protocol for various cyber threats.
• Assign specific roles and responsibilities for the response team.
• Conduct regular drills and simulations to test response efficiency.
• Establish a communication plan for notifying stakeholders, employees, and customers in case of a breach.

Steps to Make Yourself a Harder Target for Hackers

Making yourself a harder target for hackers requires consistent effort and awareness. By using antivirus software, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, multi-factor authentication, and keeping software updated, you significantly reduce the risk of cyberattacks.

1. Install and Maintain Antivirus & Anti-Malware Software

Viruses and malware are designed to steal data, disrupt systems, and allow unauthorized access. A good antivirus and anti-malware program provides essential protection by detecting and removing threats before they can cause harm.

How to Maximize Protection:

• Use reputable antivirus software such as Bitdefender, Norton, or Kaspersky.
• Enable real-time protection to detect and block threats instantly.
• Schedule regular scans to check for hidden malware.
• Keep the software updated to defend against the latest threats.

2. Activate a Firewall for Network Security

A firewall is your first line of defense against hackers attempting to infiltrate your network. It monitors and filters incoming and outgoing traffic based on security rules.

Best Practices for Firewalls:

• Enable the built-in firewall on your operating system (Windows Defender Firewall or macOS Firewall).
• Use a hardware firewall (available on most routers) for an extra layer of security.
• Regularly update firewall settings to block known threats.
• Customize firewall rules to restrict access to certain applications and networks.

3. Implement an Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) monitors network activity and alerts you when it detects suspicious behavior.

Why IDS Matters:

• Identifies unauthorized access attempts.
• Provides real-time alerts for unusual network traffic.
• Helps detect and prevent brute force attacks.
• Can work alongside firewalls for enhanced security.

How to Use IDS Effectively:

• Deploy a network-based IDS (NIDS) to monitor all traffic.
• Use a host-based IDS (HIDS) to detect unauthorized changes on individual devices.
• Regularly review IDS logs and alerts to spot potential threats.

4. Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

A password alone is not enough to secure your accounts. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of security by requiring a second form of verification.

MFA Options:

• Text message (SMS) codes – A unique code is sent to your phone.
• Authenticator apps – Google Authenticator, Microsoft Authenticator, or Authy generate time-based codes.
• Biometric authentication – Fingerprint or facial recognition for added security.
• Hardware security keys – Devices like YubiKey provide strong authentication.

How MFA Helps:

• Even if hackers steal your password, they cannot access your account without the second verification step.
• It protects sensitive accounts such as banking, email, and cloud storage.
• Reduces the risk of phishing attacks.

5. Regularly Update Software and Operating Systems

Outdated software contains vulnerabilities that hackers can exploit. Regular updates ensure that you have the latest security patches.

What Needs Regular Updates?

• Operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux)
• Web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge)
• Applications (Microsoft Office, Adobe Reader)
• Plugins and extensions (Java, Flash, and third-party tools)

Tips for Staying Updated:

• Enable automatic updates whenever possible.
• Check for updates weekly and install them immediately.
• Remove unused software to reduce attack surfaces.

Case Studies: Real-World Examples of Targeted Cyber Attacks

1. Notable Individual Attacks: High-Profile Personal Data Breaches

Jeff Bezos Hack (2018)

In one of the most infamous personal cyberattacks, Amazon’s CEO Jeff Bezos was hacked via a WhatsApp message allegedly sent by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The message contained a malicious video file that exploited a vulnerability in WhatsApp, allowing attackers to extract private data from Bezos’s phone.

Key Takeaways:

• Even encrypted messaging apps can have vulnerabilities.
• High-profile individuals are often targeted via social engineering and zero-day exploits.
• Secure communication methods should be regularly updated.

Celebrity iCloud Hack (2014)

The “Celebgate” attack saw hackers infiltrate the iCloud accounts of celebrities, accessing and leaking private photos. Attackers used phishing techniques to steal login credentials and bypass security measures.

Key Takeaways:

• Weak or reused passwords make accounts vulnerable.
• Multi-factor authentication (MFA) should be mandatory.
• Users should be cautious of phishing attempts disguised as legitimate emails.

2. Corporate Cybersecurity Failures: Major Business Hacks and What Went Wrong

Equifax Data Breach (2017)

One of the most damaging corporate breaches, Equifax, a credit monitoring agency, suffered a breach that exposed the sensitive information of 147 million people. The attack exploited a known Apache Struts vulnerability that had not been patched.

What Went Wrong?

• Equifax failed to update critical software, leaving a security gap.
• Lack of encryption for stored sensitive data.
• Poor internal security practices, make it easy for attackers to gain access.

Sony Pictures Hack (2014)

In a politically motivated attack, North Korean hackers targeted Sony Pictures, leaking confidential emails, movies, and employee details. The breach was believed to be retaliation for the release of The Interview, a movie that mocked North Korea’s leader.

What Went Wrong?

• Poor network segmentation allowed attackers to access multiple systems.
• Weak password policies made brute-force attacks easier.
• Lack of threat intelligence prevented early detection.

Conclusion

Think You’re Safe? Think Again. Protect Your Data Before Hackers Exploit It. Hackers don’t break in, they walk through open doors. Weak passwords, outdated software, and careless clicks are all invitations for cybercriminals to strike. They don’t choose their victims randomly; they look for the easiest targets. If your security measures aren’t strong enough, you could be next.

But here’s the truth: you don’t have to be an easy target. Small changes can make a big difference. Keeping software updated, using multi-factor authentication, and securing your network can shut hackers out before they even get a chance. Encrypting sensitive data and educating yourself and your team on phishing and social engineering tactics add another layer of defense.

Cyber threats aren’t going away, but you can control how prepared you are. Hackers prey on the unaware and the unprepared, don’t give them the advantage. Take action today, strengthen your security, and make sure that when cybercriminals come looking, they find a locked door instead of an easy way in.

Written by Lars Koudal