This test checks whether your database version is current enough for a secure WordPress install. Older MySQL or MariaDB releases can include unpatched issues and miss performance fixes.
You can usually see the database version in your host control panel, phpMyAdmin, or a server info screen. If it is outdated, ask your host about upgrading. Many hosts handle this for you.
Before you upgrade, confirm that WordPress, your theme, and your plugins support the new database version. Prefer a staging site when the change is major.
Related maintenance: keep PHP and WordPress core updated as well (PHP version update, Check WP core updates).